Comparative Study on Antioxidant Profile of Different Peels by Using Different Extraction Solvents
Vaishali Khare
M.Tech Food Technology (Food Quality Management), Student, 2Department of Food Process Engineering, Vaugh School of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Allahabad 211007, India
Dorcus Masih
Assistant Professor, Department of Food Process Engineering, Vaugh School of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Allahabad 211007, India
46-56
Vol: 6, Issue: 4, 2016
Receiving Date:
2016-07-21
Acceptance Date:
2016-10-05
Publication Date:
2016-10-19
Download PDF
Abstract
Growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on vegetable sources and screening of raw materials to identify new antioxidants. The food-processing industry generates substantial quantities of phenolic-rich by-products that could be valuable natural sources of antioxidants. The objective of this study was to investigate how two commonly used solvents affected the yields of phenolics, flavonoid and the antioxidant properties of extract from eggplant, beetroot and potato peel. Among the three extracts eggplant exhibited a high percentage of phenolic content of 64.3 mg/g, total flavonoid content of 0.8 mg/g and antioxidant activity of 75.6% in potato peel when extracted with ethanol as solvent in comparison to beetroot and eggplant peel extract. Several antioxidant related phytochemical composition namely Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were investigated. In addition antioxidant activities were tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The result showed that ethanol as a solvent exhibhit the highest antioxidant profile among three peels. Since different antioxidant compounds have different mechanisms of action. On the basis of the results obtained, eggplant, beetroot, potato peel extracts could serve as natural antioxidants owing to their significant antioxidant activity. Therefore they could be used as preservative ingredients in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries
Keywords:
Different peels; Extraction solvents; Antioxidant; TPC; TFC; Antioxidant activity
References
- Apak, R., Guclu, K., Demirata, B., Ozyurek, M., Celik, S., Bektaflo lu, B., Berker, K. and Ozyurt, D. (2007). Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. Molecules, 12, 1496 - 1547.
- Balasundram N, Sundaram K, Samman S (2006) Phenolic compounds in plants And agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry 99: 191-203
- Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. and Berset, C. (1995). Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. 28, 25 - 30. Brown, C.R. (2005). Antioxidants in potato. Amer. J. Pot. Res. 82(2), 105 - 177.
- Babu, B.N.H., Venkatesh Y.P., Clinico (2009) -immunological analysis of eggplant(Solanum melongena) allergy indicates preponderance of allergens in the peel
- Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chern J (2002) Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal 10:178-182.
- Cao, G., Sofic, E. and Prior, R. (1996). Antioxidant capacity of tea and common vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44(11), 3426 - 3431.
- Castaneda-Ovando, A., Pacheco-Hernández, M.L., Páez-Hernández, M.E.,Rodríguez, J.A., Galán-Vidal, C.A.( 2009) Chemical studies of anthocyanins: A review. Food Chemistry 113(4), 859-871
- Fernandez-Rivas, M., Van Ree, R., Cuevas, M. Allergy (1997) to Rosaceae fruits without related pollinosis. J Allergy Clin immunol, 100, 728-733.
- Garcia-Ortiz, J C., Cosmes-Martin, P., Lopez Asunsolo A.. Melon (1995) sensitivity share allergens with Plantago and grass pollens. Allergy 1995, 50, 269-273
- Huda-Faujan, N., Noriham, A., Norrakiah, A. S. and Babji, A. S. (2007). Antioxidative activities of water extracts of some Malaysian herbs. ASEAN Food J. 14(1), 61 - 68.
- Huda-Faujan, N., Noriham, A., Norrakiah, A.S. and Babji, A.S. (2009). Antioxidant activity of plants methanolic extracts containing phenolic compounds. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8(3), 484.
- Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., Loliger, J., Aruoma, O.I., (1995) The characterizationof antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol, 33(7), 601-617.
- Jang, I.C., Jo, E.K., Bae, M.S., Lee, H.J., Jeon, G.I., Park, E., Yuk, H.G., Ahn, G.H. and Lee, S.C. (2010). Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of different parts of persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) fruit. J. Med. Plant Res. 4, 155 - 160.
- Jung, E.J., Bae, M.S., Jo, E.K., Jo, Y.H. and Lee, S.C. (2011). Antioxidant activity of different parts of eggplant. J. Med. Plant Res. 5(18), 4610 - 4615.
- Kaneria M, Baravalia Y, Vaghasiya Y, Chanda S (2009) Determination of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of some medicinal plants from Saurashtra region, India. Indian J Pharm Sci 71: 406-412.
- Kahkonen, M.P., Heinonen, M., Antioxidant activity of anthocyanins and their aglycons. J Agric Food Chem 51, 628-633.
- Kimura, Y., Araki, Y., Takenaka, A., Igarashi, K (1999) Protective effects ofdietary nasunin on Paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63(5):799-804.
- Kuroda, C., Wada, M.,( 1993) The colouring matter of eggplant (Nasu). Proc ImpAcad (Japan) 9, 51-52.
- Kuroda, C., Wada, M.,(1935) . The colouring matter of eggplant (Nasu). Part II.Proc Imp Acad (Japan) 11, 235-237
- Kaneyuki, T., Noda, Y., Traber, M.G., Mori, A. and Packer, L. (1999). Superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of vegetable extracts measured using electron spin resonance. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 47, 979 - 989
- Keli, S.O., Hertog, M.G.L., Feskens, E.J.M. and Kromhout, D. (1996). Dietary flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins and incidence of stroke: the Zutphen study. Arch. Int. Med. 156, 637- 642.
- Knekt, P., Jarvinen, R., Reunanen, A. and Maatela, J. (1996). Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study. Br. Med. J. 312, 478 - 481.
- Knekt, P., Jarvinen, R., Seppanen, R., Heliovaara, M., Teppo, L., Pukkala, E. and Aromaa, A. (1997). Dietary flavonoids and the risk of lung cancer and other malignant neoplasms. Am. J. Epidemiol. 146, 223 - 230
- Kriengsak, T., Unaroj, B., Kevin, C., Luis, C. and David, H.B. (2006). Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. J. Food Comp. Anal. 19, 669 - 675.
- Mc Donald LM, Johns T (2002) Antioxidant activity in medicinal plants associated with the symptoms of diabetes mellitus used by the indigenous peoples of the North American boreal forest. J Ethnopharmacol 82: 197-205
- Mohamad and Fatma (2010) Antioxidants Of Some Fruits And Vegetables Peels Extract And Its Effects On Lipids Profile In Diabetic Rats Med. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 78, No. 2, December: 757-764,
- Matsubara, K., Kaneyuki, T., Miyake, Y., Mori, M.(2005) Anti-angiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. J Agric Food Chem 53, 6272-6275.
- Mercier, A. Perdriel, G., Rozier, J., Cheraleraud, J Note (1965) concerning theaction of anthocyanin glycosides on the human electroretinogram. Bull Soc Ophthalmol Fr, 1049-1053.
- Moyer D.B.(1965) Utility of food challenges in un unexplained anaphylaxis. JAllergy Clin Immunol, 85, 272.
- Nisha, P., Abdul Nazar, P. and Jayamurthy, P. (2009). A comparative study on antioxidant activities of different varieties of Solanum melongena. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47, 2640 - 2644.
- Noda, Y., Kaneyuki, T., Igarashi, K., Mori, A. and Packer, L. (2000). Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. Toxicol. 148, 119 - 123
- Parekh J, Chanda S (2007) In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Wood for dia fructi cosa Kurz. Flower (Lythraceae) Braz. J Microbiol 38: 204-207.
- Prohens, J., Rodriguez-Burruezo, A., Raigon, MD. and Nuez, F. (2007). Total Phenolic Concentration and Browning Susceptibility in a Collection of Different Varietal Types and Hybrids of Eggplant: Implications for Breeding for Higher Nutritional Quality and Reduced Browning. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 132(5), 638 - 646.
- Parker S.L., Krondl M and Coleman P.(1993) Foods perceived by adults as causing adverse reactions. J Am. Die Assoc. 93, 40-46
- Soma Singh , Genitha Immanuel (2014) Extraction of antioxidants from fruit peels and its utilization in paneer. J Food Process Technol 2014, 5:7
- K.M. Somawathi, V. Rizliya (2014) Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Different Skin Coloured Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 26 (1): 152 – 161
- Sadilova, E., Stintzing, F.C., Carle, R.(2006) Anthocyanins, colour and antioxidant properties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and violet pepper (Capsicumannuum L.) peel extracts. Z. Naturforsch 61c, 527-535.
- Sakamura, S., Watanabe, S., Obata, Y (1963) The structure of the major anthocyanin in eggplant. Agric Biol Chem 27, 663-665
- Steinman H.A and Potter P.C (1994) The precipitation of symptoms by common foods in children with atopic dermatitis. Allergy Proc. 15, 203-210
- Tomás-Barberán, F.A., Gil, M.I., Cremin, P., Waterhouse, A.L., Hess-Pierce, B. and Kader, A.A. (2001). HPLC-DAD-ESIMS Analysis of phenolic compounds in nectarines, peaches, and plums. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 4748 - 4760.
- Triantis, T., Stelakis, A., Dimotikali, D. and Papadopoulos, K. (2005). Investigations on the antioxidant activity of fruit and vegetable aqueous extracts on superoxide radical anion using chemiluminiscence techniques. Anal. Chim. Acta. 536, 101 - 105
- Vinson, J.A., Hao, Y., Su, X. and Zubik, L. (1998). Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 3630 - 3634.
- Whitaker, B.D., and Stommel, J.R. (2003). Phenolic acid content and composition of eggplant fruit in a germplasm core subset. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 128, 704 - 710.
Back