Details

ENDOCRINOLOGICAL DISORDER & ENDOCRINE MYOPATHY DEVELOPED BY IMBALANCES OF CREATINE KINASE &VARIOUS HORMONES

Mulla Javed Bakas

Assistant Professor, Endocrinology Dept. of Biochemistry, Naraina Medical College& Research Centre, Kanpur

71-85

Vol: 5, Issue: 3, 2015

Receiving Date: 2015-05-22 Acceptance Date:

2015-06-21

Publication Date:

2015-07-22

Download PDF

Abstract

All kind of endocrinopathy is generally associated with hormonally-mediated systemic disorders. Myopathy is a result of this association and sometimes can be the first manifestation of endocrine diseases. This condition generally misdiagnosed as weakness and diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases are delayed. Especially cushing’s disease, exogen glucocorticoid use, hypothyroidism, hyperaldesteronism and osteomalacia can mimic inflammatory myopathies clinically. Endocrine myopathies are of disease which must be part of differential diagnosis who has proximal muscle weakness. Statin and glucocorticoid use come to the knowledge of physician because these are the most common cause of drug related proximal myopathy. While evaluating patient with proximal myopathy, thyroid function tests, vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone must be measured and primary hyperaldesteronism work up when clinically suspicion occurs. Treatment of endocrine myopathies are based on correction of endocrine disorder.

Keywords: Endocrine myopathy,Vitamin D,CK Creatine Kinase,Cushing’s disease,Parathyroid hormone,Primary hyperaldesteronism

References

  1. Meola G, Moxley RT. “Myotonic dystrophy type 2 and related myotonic disorders”, J Neurol 251: 1173-1182.2004.
  2. Chawla J . “Stepwise approach to myopathy in systemic disease” Front Neurol 2: 49.2011.
  3. Suresh E, Wimalaratna S “Proximal myopathy: diagnostic approach and initial management”, Postgrad Med J 89: 470-477.2013.
  4. Mcdonald Cm.“ Clinical Approach to the Diagnostic Evaluation of Hereditary and Aqua red Neuromuscular Diseases”, Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation Clinics Of North America 23: 495-563.2012.
  5. Meola G, Moxley RT. “Myotonic dystrophy type 2 and related myotonic disorders”, J Neurol 251: 1173-1182.2004.
  6. Sharma V, Borah P. “Myopathies of endocrine disorders: A prospective clinical and biochemical study”. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 17: 298-302.2013.
  7. Valiyil R, Christopher-Stine L. “Drug-related myopathies of which the clinician should be aware”. Curr Rheumatol Rep 12: 213-220.2010.
  8. Gaist D, Rodríguez LA.“Lipid-Lowering Drugs And Risk Of Myopathy: A PopulationBased Follow-Up Study”, Epidemiology 12: 565-569.2011.
  9. Smith CC, Bernstein LI, “Screening for statin-related toxicity: the yield of transaminase and creatine kinase measurements in a primary care setting”, Arch Intern Med 163: 688- 692.2003.
  10. Dalakas MC. “Toxic and drug-induced myopathies”, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80: 832- 838.2008.
  11. Hansen KE, Hildebrand JP, “ Outcomes in 45 patients with statin-associated myopathy”,Arch Intern Med 165: 2671-2676.2010.
  12. Pereira RM, Freire de Carvalho J.“ Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy”,Joint Bone Spine 78: 41-44.2011.
  13. Tran M, Elias AN. “Severe myopathy and psychosis in a patient with Cushing’s disease macroadenoma”,Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106: 1-4.2013.
  14. Guaraldi F, Salvatori R. “Cushing syndrome: maybe not so uncommon of an endocrine disease”,J Am Board Fam Med 25: 199-208.2012.
  15. Levin OS, Polunina AG, Demyanova MA, “Steroid myopathy in patients with chronic respiratory diseases”, J Neurol Sci 338: 96-101.2014.
  16. Schakman O, Gilson H, Thissen JP “Mechanisms of glucocorticoid induced myopathy”,J Endocrinol 197: 1-10.2008.
  17. Schakman O, Kalista S, Barbé C, Loumaye A, Thissen JP “Glucocorticoidinduced skeletal muscle atrophy”, Int J Biochem Cell Biol 45: 2163-2172.2013.
  18. Kostyo JL, Redmond AF “Role of protein synthesis in the inhibitory action of adrenal steroid hormones on amino acid transport by muscle”, Endocrinology 79: 531-540.1966
  19. Minetto MA, Lanfranco F, Botter A, Motta G, Mengozzi G, et al. “ Do muscle fiber conduction slowing and decreased levels of circulating muscle proteins represent sensitive markers of steroid myopathy? A pilot study in Cushing’s disease”, European Journal of Endocrinology. 164: 985-993.2011.
  20. Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L, Krishnamoorthy P et al.“ A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy”, Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 9: 30.2013.
  21. Bowyer SL, LaMothe MP, Hollister JR.“ Steroid myopathy: incidence and detection in a population with asthma”,J Allergy Clin Immunol 76: 234-242.1985.
  22. Khaleeli AA, Edwards RH, Gohil K, McPhail G,et al. “Corticosteroid myopathy: a clinical and pathological study”,Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 18: 155-166.1993.
  23. Iacobone M, Albiger N, Scaroni C, Mantero F, et al.“The role of unilateral adrenalectomy in ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH)”, World J Surg 32: 882- 889.2008.
  24. Wilson D, Jin DL, Wen T, Carmichael JD, et al. “Demographic factors, outcomes, and patient access to transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing’s disease: analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2010”,Neurosurg Focus 38: E2.2015.
  25. Anwar S, Gibofsky A “Musculoskeletal manifestations of thyroid disease”, Rheum Dis Clin North Am 36: 637-646.2010.
  26. Duyff RF, Van den Bosch J, Laman DM, van Loon BJ, Linssen WH “Neuromuscular findings in thyroid dysfunction: a prospective clinical and electrodiagnostic study”, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68: 750-755.2000.
  27. Wood-Allum CA, Shaw PJ “ Thyroid disease and the nervous system.” Handb Clin Neurol 120: 703-735.2014.
  28. Scott KR, Simmons Z, Boyer PJ.“ Hypothyroid myopathy with a strikingly elevated serum creatinine kinase level”, Muscle Nerve 26: 141-144.2002.
  29. Madariaga . “Polymyositis-like syndrome in hypothyroidism: review of cases reported over the past twenty-five years”Thyroid 12: 331-336.2002.
  30. Somay G, Oflazoğlu B, Us O, Surardamar A.“ Neuromuscular status of thyroid diseases: a prospective clinical and electrodiagnostic study”,Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 47: 67- 78.2007.
  31. Kim TJ, Lee HS, Shin JY, Kim DG, Kim SM, et al. “A case of thyrotoxic myopathy with extreme type 2 fiber predominance”, Exp Neurobiol 22:232-324.2013.
  32. Couillard P, Wijdicks EF.“ Flaccid quadriplegia due to thyrotoxic myopathy”, Neurocrit Care 20: 296-297.2014.
  33. Boddu NJ, Badireddi S, Straub KD, Schwankhaus J, Jagana R.“Acute thyrotoxic bulbar myopathy with encephalopathic behaviour: an uncommon complication of hyperthyroidism”,Case Rep Endocrinol 2013: 369807.2013.
  34. Okada H, Yoshioka K. “Thyrotoxicosis complicated with dysphagia”, Intern Med 48: 1243- 1245.2009.
  35. Maurya PK, Kalita J, Misra UK.“Spectrum of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in a tertiary care centre in India”, Postgrad Med J 86: 692-695.2010.
  36. Papanikolaou N, Perros P.“An unusual presenting symptom of graves’disease: myalgia”,Eur Thyroid J 1: 274-276.2013.
  37. Del Porto LA, Liubinas SV, Kaye AH.“Treatment of persistent and recurrent acromegaly” J Clin Neurosci 18: 181-190.2011.
  38. Wen HY, Schumacher HR Jr, Zhang LY.“Parathyroid disease”, Rheum Dis Clin North Am 36: 647-664.2010.
  39. Hirata D, Nagashima T, Saito S, Okazaki H, Kano S, et al. “Elevated muscle enzymes in a patient with severe hypocalcemia mimicking polymyositis”,Mod Rheumatol 12: 186- 189.2002.
  40. Policepatil SM, Caplan RH, Dolan M.“Hypocalcemic myopathy secondary to hypoparathyroidism” WMJ 111: 173-175.2012.
  41. Barber J, Butler RC, Davie MW, Sewry CA.“Hypoparathyroidism presenting as myopathy with raised creatinine kinase”,Rheumatology (Oxford) 40: 1417-1418.2001.
  42. Dai CL, Sun ZJ, Zhang X, Qiu MC.“Elevated muscle enzymes and muscle biopsy in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism patients”,J Endocrinol Invest 35: 286-289.2012.
  43. Kuntz JL, Sutter B, Salam.“Hypophosphatemia is responsible for skeletal muscle weakness of vitamin D deficiency”, Arch Biochem Biophys 500: 157-161.2010.
  44. Tsai WT, Chen YL, Yang WS, Lin HD, Chien CC, et al. “Primary aldosteronism associated with severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis”,Hormones (Athens) 11: 505-506.2012.
  45. Wen Z, Chuanwei L, Chunyu Z, Hui H, Weimin L. “Rhabdomyolysis presenting with severe hypokalemia in hypertensive patients: a case series”, BMC Res Notes 6: 155.2013.
  46. Thabit H, Barry M, Sreenan S, Smith D.“Proximal myopathy in lactovegetarian Asian patients responding to Vitamin D and calcium supplement therapy - two case reports and review of the literature”, Journal of Medical Case Reports 5: 178.2011.
  47. Fluss J, Kern I, de Coulon G, Gonzalez E, Chehade H. “Vitamin D deficiency: a forgotten treatable cause of motor delay and proximal myopathy”,Brain Dev 36: 84-87.2014.
  48. Girgis CM, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Hamrick MW, Holick MF, Gunton JE.“The roles of vitamin D in skeletal muscle: form, function, and metabolism”,Endocr Rev 34: 33-83.2013.
Back

Disclaimer: All papers published in IJRST will be indexed on Google Search Engine as per their policy.

We are one of the best in the field of watches and we take care of the needs of our customers and produce replica watches of very good quality as per their demands.