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REGENERATIVE STEM CELL THERAPY IN RETINAL DEGENERATION

Irfan Ahmed Siddiqui

Research Scholar, CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalaya

Dr. K. Babu Rao

Principal Donbasco College Pharmacy, Guntur District, AP

31-42

Vol: 3, Issue: 4, 2013

Receiving Date: 2013-08-30 Acceptance Date:

2013-09-28

Publication Date:

2013-10-30

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Abstract

Stem cell-based therapy has been tested for several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis in animal models. The replacement of lost neurons that are not physiologically replaced is pivotal for therapeutic success. In the eye, degeneration of neural cells in the retina are hallmarks of such wide-spread ocular diseases as AMD and RP. In these cases the primary cause of blindness is due to loss of photoreceptors. This can result from dysfunction in either the PRC or the underlying RPE that supports their survival. Transplantation of RSC with the potential to generate new retinal cells provides an alternative approach to enable the replacement of lost PRC or RPE. Retinal stem cells may restore vision in patients who have degenerative retinal diseases by two possible means: 1) repopulation of the damaged retina (e.g., PRC); and/or 2) rescue of retinal neurons from further degeneration.80 Different research groups have successfully isolated murine putative RSC from the ciliary margin (CM) and human RSC in the pars plana and pars plicata.81,82 However, the transplantation of these cells in normal and degenerative rodent retina was only minimally successful due to the limited ability of the cells to invade and integrate into the host retina.27 On the other hand, transplantation of immature post-mitotic rod precursors from developing retina (postnatal day 1) improves retinal integration.83 The optimal result occurs when selected cells were biochemically committed but not yet morphologically differentiated. The capability of subretinally or intravitreously injected RSC to invade and integrate into the neural retina remains restricted to sites of retinal injury. Breakdown of physical barriers, such as the outer limiting membrane, and/or release of unknown neurotrophic factors, are most likely required to stimulate RSC integration.84 To date only sparse data are available regarding factors that might stimulate migration, integration, and differentiation of RSC into the neural retina.

Keywords: Retinal degeneration, neuro degenerative disorders, regenerative stem cells (RSCs), bone marrow stem cells (BMS), Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Transforming growth factor (TGF),

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