The requirement for metal/heterometal oxides as useful materials in the electronics industry has stimulated research and spurred activity in the area of sol-gel technique in this field in recent years. This led to renewed interest in the preparation of these materials. This article discusses the increasingly sophisticated design strategies for precursor complexes through a series of case studies on sol-geltechnique for metal/mixed oxide.

Download PDF

References

1. A. Rudiger, T. Schneller, A. Roelofs, S. Tiedke, T. Schmitz, R. Waser, Appl.Phys.2005, 80, 1247.
2. C. Noguez, Opt. Mater. 2005, 27, 1204.
3. M. Dofrenik, D. Lisjak, D. Makovec, Mater. Sci. Forum 2005, 494, 129.
4. J.D. Lockwood, Nanostructure Science and Technology, Surface Effects in MagneticNanoparticles; Springer: New York, 2005.
5. L.Q. Nguyen, C. Salim, H. Hinode, Appl. Cat. A: Gen. 2008, 347, 94.
6. R. Thakar,Y. Chen,P.T. Snee, Nano Lett.2007, 7, 3429.
7. B. Mukherjee, S.K. Batabyal, A.J. Pal, Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 717.
8. C.J. Brinker, S.W. Scherer, Sol–Gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol–gelprocessing. Academic Press, New York, 1990.
9. L.L. Hench, J.K. West, Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 33.
10. A. Fidalgo, M.E. Rosa, L.M. Ilharco, Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 2186.
11. K.O. Drake, D. Carta, L.J. Skipper, F.E. Sowrey, R.J. Newport, M.E. Smith, SolidState NMR 2005, 27, 28.
12. B. Julia´n, C. Gervais, E. Cordoncillo, P. Escribano, F. Babonneau, C. Sanchez,Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 3026.
13. M.S.P. Francisco, Y. Gushikem, J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 2552.
14. M.S.P. Francisco, R. Landers, Y. Gushikem 2004, J. Solid. State Chem. 177,2432.
15. S.S. Rosatto, P.T. Sotomayor, L.T. Kubota, Y. Gushikem, Electrochim. Acta 2002,47, 4451.
16. A. Aronne, M. Turco, G. Bagnasco, P. Pernice, M. Di Serio, N.J. Clayden, E. Marenna, E. Fanelli, Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 2081.
17. C. J. Brinker, A. J. Hurd et al., ―Sol-Gel Thin Film Formation‖, Chem. Proc., Adva.Mater., 1992.
18. C.J. Brinker, B.C. Bunker et al., Structure of Sol-Gel Derived InorganicPolymers:Silicates and Borates, Am. Chem. Soc., part II 1988.
19. R.W. Jones, Fundamental Principles of Sol-Gel Technology 1989.20. C.B. Hurd, Chem. Rev. 1938, 22, 403.
20. K. J. Klabunde, J. V. Stark, O. Koper, C. Mohs, D. G. Park, S. Decker, Y. Jiang, I.Lagadic and D. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 12 142–12 153.
21. J. V. Stark, D. G. Park, I. Lagadic and K. J. Klabunde, Chem. Mater., 1996, 8,1904–1912.
22. O. Koper, I. Lagadic and K. J. Klabunde, Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 838–848.
23. K. J. Klabunde, US Pat., 5 990 373, 1999.
24. O. Koper and K. J. Klabunde, US Pat., 6 057 488, 2000.
25. Y. Jiang, S. Decker, C. Mohs and K. J. Klabunde, J. Catal., 1998, 180, 24–35.
26. L. E. Manzer and K. Kourtakis, WO Pat. Appl., 99-US18962, 19990819, 1999.
27. M. Osgan and P. Teyssie, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 1967, 5, 789–792.
28. M. R. Alverez Lopez, M. J. Torralvo Fernandez, C.Mas Carbonell and C. OteroArean, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1993, 12, 1619–1621.
29. E. Platero, A. Escalona and J. B. Parra, Res. Chem. Intermed., 1999, 25, 187.
30. S. Komarmeni, R. Roy and Q. H. Li, Mater. Res. Bull., 1992, 27, 1393.
31. A. Mosset, P. Baules, P. Lecante, J. C. Trombe, H. Ahamdane and F. Bensamka,J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6, 1527.
32. R. Valero, B. Durand, J. L. Guth and T. Chopin, J. Sol±Gel Sci. Technol., 1998, 13,119.
33. M. Nogami, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1985, 69, 415.
34. N. Nogami and M. Tomozawa, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1986, 69, 9.
35. Y. Kanno and T. Suzuki, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1988, 7, 386.
36. Y. Kanno, J. Mater. Sci., 1989, 24, 2415.
37. J. Campaniello, E. M. Rabinovich, P. Berthet, A. Revcolevschi and N. A. Kopylov,Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1990, 180, 541.
38. S. S. Jada, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990, 9, 565.
39. M. Salvado and F. Navarro, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990, 9, 173.
40. H. Kobayashi, T. Terasaki, H. Yamamura and T. Mitamura,Seramikkusu Ronbunshi, 1991, 99, 42.
41. T. Mori, H. Yamamura, H. Kobayashi and T. Mitamura, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1992,75, 2420.
42. T. Itoh, J. Cryst. Growth, 1992, 125, 223.
43. S. K. Saka and P. Pramanik, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1993, 159, 31.
44. T. Mori, H. Yamamura, H. Kobayashi and T. Mitamura, J. Mater. Sci., 1993, 28,4970.
45. T. Itoh, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1994, 13, 1661.
46. Y. Shi, X. X. Huang and D. S. Yan, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 1994, 13, 113.
47. P. Tartaj, J. Sanz, J. Serna and M. Ocana, J. Mater. Sci., 1994, 29, 6533.
48. A. Hagfeldt and M. Gra¨ tzel, Chem. Rev., 1995, 95, 49–68.
49. A. L. Linsebigler, G.-Q. Lu and J. J. T. Yates, Chem. Rev., 1995, 95, 735–758.
50. A. Mills and S. Le Hunte, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 1997, 108, 1–35.
51. K. Kalyanasundaram and M. Gra¨ tzel, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1998, 177, 347–414.
52. C. Bechinger, S. Ferrere, A. Zaban, J. Sprague and B. A. Gregg, Nature, 1996, 383,608–610.
53. W. Zhou, C. W. Sun and Z. Z. Yang, J. Inorg. Mater., 1998, 13, 275–281.
54. C. J. Barbe´, F. Arendse, P. Comte, M. Jirousek, F. Lenzmann, V. Shklover and M.Gra¨ tzel, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1997, 80, 3157–3171.
55. C. Natarajan and G. Nogami, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1996, 143, 1547–1550.
56. Z. Miao, D. S. Xu, J. H. Ouyang, G. L. Guo, X. S. Zhao and Y. Tang, Nano Lett.,2002, 2, 717–720.
57. B. B. Lakshmi, C. J. Patrissi and C. R. Martin, Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 2544–2550.
58. M.-D. Wei, Y. Konishi, H. Zhou, H. Sugihara and H. Arakawa, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2006, 153, A1232– A1236.
59. E. L. Crepaldi, G. J. d. A. A. Soler-Illia, D. Grosso, F. Cagnol, F. Ribot and C.Sanchez, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 9770–9786.
60. B. O’Regan and M. Gra¨ tzel, Nature, 1991, 353, 737–740.
61. M. Gra¨ tzel, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 2004, 164, 3–14.
62. K. D. Benkstein, N. Kopidakis, J. van de Lagemaat and A. J. Frank, J. Phys. Chem.B, 2003, 107, 7759– 7767.
63. N.-G. Park, J. van de Lagemaat and A. J. Frank, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000, 104,
64. (a) M. Veith, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans, 2002, 2405; (b) M. Marciniec and H. Maciejewski, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2001, 223, 301; (c) J. S. Matthews, O. Just, B. Obi-Johnson and W. S. Rees, Jr., Chem. Vap. Deposit., 2000, 6, 129; (d ) J. W. Kriesel and T. D. Tilley, J. Mater. Chem., 2001, 11, 1081; (e) K. L. Fujdala and T. D. Tilley, Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 1817.
65. Review: N. Y. Turova, E. P. Turevskaya, V. G. Kessler and M. I. Yanovskaya, The Chemistry of Metal Alkoxides, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2002,ch. 12, p. 217.
66. (a) F. Schindler, H. Schmidbaur and U. Krüger, Angew. Chem., 1965, 77, 865; (b) F. Schindler and H. Schmidbaur, Angew. Chem., 1967, 79, 697; (c) M. Driess, K. Merz and S. Rell, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2000, 2517; (d ) K. Merz, H.-M. Hu, S.Rell and M. Driess, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2003, 51.
67. (a) K. Merz, R. Schoenen and M. Driess, J. Phys. IV, 2001, 11, 467; (b) M. Driess,
68. Merz, R. Schoenen, R. Rabe, F. E. Kruis, A. Roy and A. Birkner, C. R. Chimie, 2003, in the press; (c) J. Hambrock, S. Rabe, K. Merz, A. Wohlfarth, A. Birkner, R. A. Fischer and M. Driess, J. Mater. Chem., 2003, 13, 1731
69. (a) J. B. Hansen, in Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, ed. G. Ertl, H. Knözinger and J. Weitkamp, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1997, p. 1856; (b) B. A. Peppley, J. C. Amphlett, L. M. Kearns and R. F. Mann, Appl. Catal. A, 1999, 179,21; (c) H. Wilmer, M. Kurtz, K. V. Klementiev, O. P. Tkachenko, W. Grünert, O.Hinrichsen, A. Birkner, S. Rabe, K. Merz, M. Driess, C. Wöll and M. Muhler, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2003, 5.
70. P. Winiarek and J. Kijenski, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1998, 94, 167.
71. (a) C. A. Musser and H. G. Richey, Jr., J. Org. Chem., 2000, 65, 7750 and references therein; (b) D. J. Ager, I. Fleming and S. K. Patel, J. Chem. Soc.,Perkin Trans. 1, 1981, 2520.
72. M. W. Rathke and H. Yu, J. Org. Chem., 1972, 37, 1732.8989–8994.

Back