Abdu M S
Department of Chemistry, Aminu Saleh College of Education Azare- Bauchi State, Nigeria
Aska A S
Department of Chemistry, Aminu Saleh College of Education Azare- Bauchi State, Nigeria
Faruq U Z
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
Dangoggos M
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
Ali A U
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
Download PDFThe research is designed to determine the suitable catalyst for the oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde using CrO3/H2O2 oxidant system under appropriate conditions of temperature and reaction time. Nine (9) catalysts [CU2O, CUO, CU(CH3COO)2, CUSO4.5H2O, Co(CH3COO)2, Fe2(SO4)3 .9H2O, Fe2(SO4)3. 7H2O, CalcinedCaCO3, MnO2] and Eight(8) oxidant systems [50%KMnO4, Solid KMnO4, Acidified KMnO4, KMnO4/K2Cr2O7, H2O2, CrO3, CrO3/H2O2, Air] were used in the study. Thetoluene oxidation was carried out using each oxidant by separateapplication of all the nine catalysts either in aqueous or acidic medium. The results revealed that out of the various catalysts and oxidants used, only three (3) catalysts [CUSO4.5H2O, Fe 2(SO4)3.9H2O, Fe2(SO4)3. 7H 2O] and one oxidant(CrO3/H2O2,) produced the targeted product.When the same three catalysts were applied on the oxidants in acidic medium, benzoic acids were produced but when applied on oxidants in aqueous medium benzylalcohols were produced. The percentage yield of the benzaldehydeproducts were calculated at various temperatures and reaction times. When Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O was used as a catalyst,low yield of1.0% was obtained at 40⁰Cand 10minutes reaction time. The high yield of 1.25% was obtained at 50⁰C and 10minutes reaction time. But when the temperature was raised to 60⁰C and the reaction time was extended to 20 minutes, the yield dropped to 0.69%. When CUSO4.5H2O was used as a catalyst, the low yield of 0.20% was obtained at 30⁰C and 10minutes reaction time. The high yield of 1.66%was obtained at 40⁰C and 10minutes reaction time. Similarly, when the temperature was raised to 60⁰C and the reaction time was extended to 20 minutes, the yield dropped to 1.09%. However,when Fe2(SO4)3. 7H2Owas used as a catalyst, the low yield of 1.0% was obtained at 30⁰C and 20minutes reaction time. The high yield of 1.90% was obtained at 40⁰C and 20minutes reaction time. But when the temperature was raised to 60⁰C and 10minutes reaction time, the yield dropped to 0.65%. Therefore, based on the percentage yield obtained from the three effective catalysts used, Fe2(SO4)3. 7H2O was found to be the most suitable catalyst for the oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde using CrO3/H2O2 oxidant system.
Keywords: Catalytic; Oxidation; Toluene; Chromium(vi)oxide/Hydrogen peroxide; Benzaldehyde
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